Skip to main content

Subnet Mask Cheat Sheet

See also RFC 1878.


 AddressesHostsNetmaskAmount of a Class C
/3042255.255.255.2521/64
/2986255.255.255.2481/32
/281614255.255.255.2401/16
/273230255.255.255.2241/8
/266462255.255.255.1921/4
/25128126255.255.255.1281/2
/24256254255.255.255.01
/23512510255.255.254.02
/2210241022255.255.252.04
/2120482046255.255.248.08
/2040964094255.255.240.016
/1981928190255.255.224.032
/181638416382255.255.192.064
/173276832766255.255.128.0128
/166553665534255.255.0.0256

Guide to sub-class C blocks

/25 -- 2 Subnets -- 126 Hosts/Subnet

Network #IP RangeBroadcast
.0.1-.126.127
.128.129-.254.255

/30 -- 64 Subnets -- 2 Hosts/Subnet

Network #IP RangeBroadcast
.0.1-.2.3
.4.5-.6.7
.8.9-.10.11
.12.13-.14.15
.16.17-.18.19
.20.21-.22.23
.24.25-.26.27
.28.29-.30.31
.32.33-.34.35
.36.37-.38.39
.40.41-.42.43
.44.45-.46.47
.48.49-.50.51
.52.53-.54.55
.56.57-.58.59
.60.61-.62.63
.64.65-.66.67
.68.69-.70.71
.72.73-.74.75
.76.77-.78.79
.80.81-.82.83
.84.85-.86.87
.88.89-.90.91
.92.93-.94.95
.96.97-.98.99
.100.101-.102.103
.104.105-.106.107
.108.109-.110.111
.112.113-.114.115
.116.117-.118.119
.120.121-.122.123
.124.125-.126.127
.128.129-.130.131
.132.133-.134.135
.136.137-.138.139
.140.141-.142.143
.144.145-.146.147
.148.149-.150.151
.152.153-.154.155
.156.157-.158.159
.160.161-.162.163
.164.165-.166.167
.168.169-.170.171
.172.173-.174.175
.176.177-.178.179
.180.181-.182.183
.184.185-.186.187
.188.189-.190.191
.192.193-.194.195
.196.197-.198.199
.200.201-.202.203
.204.205-.206.207
.208.209-.210.211
.212.213-.214.215
.216.217-.218.219
.220.221-.222.223
.224.225-.226.227
.228.229-.230.231
.232.233-.234.235
.236.237-.238.239
.240.241-.242.243
.244.245-.246.247
.248.249-.250.251
.252.253-.254.255

/26 -- 4 Subnets -- 62 Hosts/Subnet

Network #IP RangeBroadcast
.0.1-.62.63
.64.65-.126.127
.128.129-.190.191
.192.193-.254.255

/27 -- 8 Subnets -- 30 Hosts/Subnet

Continue reading

Elevate Technology Expands Free International Calling for Elevate UC Users

elevate-for-teams-1992b5ee

Houston, TX - Elevate Technology, a leading provider of intelligent cloud communications and collaboration solutions—including voice, video, chat, contact center, email, file management, archiving, productivity applications, and more—today announced the expansion of free international calling to up to 33 countries for North America-based Elevate UC users. This expansion offers greater flexibility and cost savings to businesses with global commercial relationships, enabling seamless connections in a hybrid work environment while enhancing engagement and productivity.

Named the Best Overall Business Voice-over-IP system (VoIP) by industry leaders, Elevate UC is a cloud-based communication and collaboration solution that helps businesses drive more productive, efficient employee collaboration and deliver more responsive customer care. Backed by 99.999% uptime service level agreements (SLAs) and 24/7 technical support, Elevate UC users benefit from voice, video conferencing, team chat, file sharing and backup, as well as call queues, active call routing, contact directories, and many advanced contact center features. All of these tools are delivered on a highly reliable, secure, and deeply integrated platform.

With this latest development, North America-based users will be able to place free outbound calls to up to 33 countries (depending on their Elevate UC license). This expansion ensures seamless access to international communication without additional costs.

Key Benefits of Expanded Free International Calling

  • Cost Savings for Businesses – By offering free calls to an extensive range of countries, businesses can significantly reduce communication expenses.
  • Seamless Global Connectivity – As organizations grow, this expansion provides a cost-effective way for businesses to stay connected with colleagues, clients, and partners worldwide.
  • Enhanced Engagement and Productivity – Removing communication barriers fosters better collaboration and engagement, leading to more efficient workflows and improved productivity.

Elevate Technology remains committed to providing innovative solutions that empower businesses with cutting-edge communication capabilities. This expansion of free international calling reflects the company’s ongoing commitment to delivering greater value and efficiency for its customers.

“We are excited to offer our North America-based Elevate UC users the ability to connect with more people around the world at no extra cost,” said [Insert Executive Name], Senior Vice President of Product Marketing at Elevate Technology. “At a time when business expenses continue to rise, we are focused on providing cost-effective and high-value communication solutions that support the modern workplace.”

The Real Cost of IT Downtime (And Why It’s Worse Than You Think)

it-downtime-killing-your-busines_20250314-180341_1

Picture this: It’s Monday morning. You’re ready to hit the ground running. But when you step into the office, something’s wrong. No internet. No emails. No sales processing. Nothing.

Your business has just been sucker-punched by an IT outage. And while you’re scrambling for answers, the hidden costs are already piling up.

IT downtime isn’t just an inconvenience—it’s a profit killer. It drains your resources, frustrates your employees, and sends customers straight into the arms of your competitors.

Let’s break down what downtime is really costing you—and, more importantly, how to stop it before it wrecks your business.

The Immediate Damage: Lost Productivity

When your systems crash, your employees don’t just twiddle their thumbs—they sit helpless, watching deadlines slip away.

Continue reading

Phishing Just Got Smarter—Are You Ready for It?

phishing_threat_640

Phishing has always been a threat. But now, thanks to AI, it’s deadlier than ever. Welcome to Phishing 2.0—a new breed of scams that are smarter, more convincing, and nearly impossible to detect.

A recent study found a 60% increase in AI-driven phishing attacks. That’s not just a warning. It’s a wake-up call.

If you think you can spot a phishing email like before, think again. AI has rewritten the playbook, and it’s time to step up your defenses.

How Phishing Evolved from Amateur Hour to Professional Fraud

Phishing used to be sloppy. Bad grammar, ridiculous claims, and emails from “Nigerian princes” made them easy to spot.

But AI changed the game. Now phishing emails are flawless, hyper-personalized, and dangerously convincing. Hackers don’t need to guess anymore. AI does the work for them.

Continue reading

Remote Work is Convenient—But Is It Secure?

is remote work secure

Remote Work is Convenient—But Is It Secure?

Gone are the days of soul-sucking commutes and stuffy office cubicles. Remote work has redefined the modern workplace, offering flexibility and freedom. But with this new way of working comes a dark side—cybersecurity risks.

A staggering 73% of executives believe remote work increases security threats. Why? Because home offices aren’t exactly built like Fort Knox.

But here’s the good news: you can secure your remote team—without locking everything down like an FBI bunker. Here’s how to keep your company’s data safe, secure, and hacker-free, no matter where your team works.

1. Lock Down Home Networks

Secure Your Wi-Fi Like Your Life Depends on It

Hackers love unsecured home Wi-Fi. If your remote team is still using their router’s default password, they might as well be leaving the front door wide open.

  • Use WPA3 encryption—it’s the strongest available.
  • Change default router passwords—the ones they ship with are practically public knowledge.

2. Use Strong, Unique Passwords (And Stop Reusing Them!)

Password Managers = Sanity Savers

Managing passwords is a nightmare, and most employees reuse them like an old toothbrush. That’s a security disaster waiting to happen.

Continue reading

NIST CSF 2.0: The Cybersecurity Blueprint Your Business Needs

padlock-6088315_640

Staying ahead of cyber threats is a full-time job. Hackers never take a break, and neither should your security strategy. Between February and March of 2024, global security incidents skyrocketed by nearly 70%. If you’re still relying on outdated defenses, you’re playing with fire.

Enter NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0—a game-changing update designed to help businesses of all sizes manage and reduce cybersecurity risks. Whether you run a small business or a sprawling enterprise, this framework gives you a battle plan to stay ahead of cyber threats.

Let’s break it down.

What Is NIST CSF 2.0? The Core Explained

At the heart of NIST CSF 2.0 is the Core—a structured approach to cybersecurity built around five critical Functions. These work together in an ongoing cycle to identify, protect, detect, respond to, and recover from threats.

1. Identify

Before you can protect your data, you need to know what’s at risk. This step focuses on identifying key assets, vulnerabilities, and cyber risks within your organization.

Continue reading

Cyber Threats Never Sleep—Is Your Business Watching?

cybersecurity-6375941_640

Picture this: You lock up your house and head off on vacation, feeling secure. But what if, while you’re gone, a crack forms in the doorframe? Or someone picks the lock? You’re not checking every day, so you wouldn’t know until it’s too late.

That’s exactly how cybersecurity works without continuous monitoring. The threats don’t stop evolving, and hackers don’t wait for your quarterly security audit. They strike fast, slipping through cracks in your defenses before you even realize there’s a problem.

It’s time to stop hoping for the best and start actively monitoring your business—before a cyber disaster lands on your doorstep.

Why Continuous Cybersecurity Monitoring Is a Must

This isn’t a “nice-to-have” feature. It’s a must. Here’s why:

1. Cyberattacks Happen in Seconds

Hackers don’t wait for you to check your logs. They exploit vulnerabilities immediately. Without continuous monitoring, you could be losing sensitive data long before you realize there’s a breach.

Continue reading

What is a Cloud Server?

Understanding Cloud Computing for Your Business

In today's fast-paced digital world, businesses need flexible and scalable solutions to manage their IT infrastructure. Cloud servers have revolutionized the way organizations store, access, and manage data, providing powerful computing resources without the need for costly on-premise hardware. But what exactly is a cloud server, and how can it benefit your business?

What are Cloud Servers

A cloud server is a virtualized computing environment that delivers powerful processing, storage, and network resources over the internet. Unlike traditional physical servers, cloud servers operate in a scalable, on-demand infrastructure, enabling businesses to access enterprise-grade computing without the burden of managing hardware.

At Elevate Technology, our Cloud Server Solutions provide businesses with a secure, flexible, and cost-efficient alternative to on-premise infrastructure. Whether you need to host applications, databases, or virtual desktops, our cloud servers are designed to deliver superior performance and uptime.

Why Are Cloud Servers Essential for Modern Businesses?

With businesses shifting towards digital transformation, cloud servers have become a critical component of IT strategy. Here are the key reasons why companies are choosing cloud-based infrastructure:

1. Scalability Without Limits

Continue reading

AI Data Breaches Are Skyrocketing—Is Your Business Prepared?

ai-data-breaches

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing industries left and right. From automating tasks to uncovering deep insights, AI is the business superpower of the modern age. But with great power comes great risk.

The more AI integrates into your systems, the bigger the target it becomes for cybercriminals. And here’s the hard truth: 77% of businesses suffered an AI-related data breach last year. That’s a wake-up call.

A breach can mean exposed customer data, stolen intellectual property, disrupted operations, and hefty fines. But before you hit the panic button, let’s break down why AI data breaches are rising—and, more importantly, how you can protect your business.

Why AI Data Breaches Are Becoming More Common

The explosion of AI adoption means hackers have more ways than ever to sneak in. Here’s why the risk is growing:

  • A Bigger Attack Surface: The more AI tools a business adopts, the more entry points cybercriminals have to exploit.
  • AI Runs on Data—Lots of It: AI systems collect and process massive amounts of sensitive data, from financial records to customer details. That’s a goldmine for hackers.
  • The “Black Box” Problem: Many AI models are complex and difficult to audit. If you can’t fully track how they process data, you can’t always spot vulnerabilities.
  • Evolving Attack Techniques: Hackers are using advanced tricks—like adversarial attacks—to manipulate AI models, leak sensitive data, or alter results.

The Cost of an AI Data Breach

Think an AI breach is just another IT headache? Think again. The fallout can be brutal:

Continue reading

Thinking About Smart Home Tech? 7 Crucial Questions to Ask First

smart-home-tech

Smart homes feel like something ripped straight from a sci-fi flick. Lights that obey your voice, thermostats that think for themselves, and robot vacuums that do your dirty work. It’s tempting to dive headfirst into the latest gadgets and transform your home into an AI-powered paradise.

But before you fill your cart with the newest smart home toys, slow down. Not every device is a game-changer, and some can even cause more headaches than they solve.

Here are 7 crucial questions to ask yourself before committing to your smart home revolution.

1. Does It Actually Solve a Problem?

Not all smart gadgets are worth your hard-earned cash. Some genuinely make life easier, while others are just expensive novelties.

Think about your daily routine. What’s an actual pain point that smart tech could fix? Do you always forget to turn off the lights? Smart bulbs with motion sensors could help. But a smart toaster? Unless your mornings are really complicated, you probably don’t need one.

Continue reading

Unlocking Tech ROI - Stop Losing Money on Tools Your Team Can't Use

unlocking-tech-roi

Let’s face it—new technology is exciting. It promises efficiency, happier employees, and a competitive edge. In today’s fast-paced, tech-driven business world, keeping up is essential. But here’s the problem: shiny new tools can quickly become costly mistakes if you skip two critical steps—employee training and change management.

Think about it: What good is top-of-the-line software if your team doesn’t know how to use it? Productivity plummets, mistakes multiply, and customer satisfaction takes a hit. Let’s explore the common pitfalls businesses face when rolling out new tech—and, more importantly, how to avoid them.

Why Employees Struggle with New Tech

Lack of Technology Training

Imagine investing in a cutting-edge CRM system, expecting it to streamline workflows and boost sales. Instead, your team is fumbling with basic features, missing deadlines, and feeling frustrated. Why? Because they haven’t been trained properly.

Here’s what happens when training is an afterthought:

1. Lost Productivity

Every minute spent struggling with unfamiliar tools is a minute lost. Think of the missed sales opportunities and wasted time when employees can’t generate reports or process orders because they don’t understand the system.

Continue reading

Stop Cyber Threats in Their Tracks: Build a Cyber-Aware Culture

10-cyberattack-tips

Stop Cyber Threats in Their Tracks: Build a Cyber-Aware Culture

Cyberattacks are everywhere. Phishing emails, malware downloads, data breaches—they’re the stuff of nightmares for businesses and individuals alike. The scariest part? Most of these attacks start with one simple mistake: human error.

Employees click suspicious links, use weak passwords, or fall for phishing scams. It’s estimated that 95% of data breaches are caused by human error. The good news? These mistakes are preventable. All it takes is building a strong culture of cyber awareness.

Let’s explore how you can turn your team into a powerful line of defense against cyber threats with simple, practical steps.

Why Culture Matters

Think of cybersecurity as a chain. Strong links keep it secure, while weak links leave it vulnerable. Your employees are those links. By fostering a culture of cyber awareness, you strengthen every link in the chain, protecting your entire organization from cyberattacks.

Easy Steps to Build a Cyber-Aware Culture

You don’t need expensive programs or complicated strategies. Here are straightforward steps that can make a big impact.

Continue reading

Is Your iPhone Sluggish? Here’s How to Bring It Back to Life

pexels-seven11nash-238541

Let’s be honest—iPhones are pretty incredible. Sleek, powerful, and packed with features. But even the best gadgets can slow down over time. Suddenly, apps take forever to load, scrolling feels like a chore, and your once-speedy sidekick turns into a sluggish snail.

If your iPhone is driving you crazy, don’t panic. The good news? You don’t need to upgrade to a new one. You just need to give it a little TLC. Here are some simple tips to get your iPhone back to running like it did on day one.

1. Give It a Restart: The Digital Power Nap

When was the last time you turned off your iPhone? Be honest.

Just like humans, iPhones need a break every now and then. A quick restart clears temporary files, closes background apps, and frees up memory. Think of it as a digital power nap that refreshes your phone in minutes.

It’s the easiest fix in the book—so start here!

Continue reading

Conquering Data Chaos - How to Turn Overwhelming Information into Your Biggest Asset

data-mgmt-practices

Data isn’t just numbers on a spreadsheet—it’s the lifeblood of your business. It fuels insights, drives decisions, and shapes success. But here’s the catch: when your data is scattered, inconsistent, or outdated, it becomes more of a liability than an asset.

Messy data slows you down, frustrates your team, and can cost you opportunities. But the good news? With the right strategies, you can transform your data from a chaotic mess into a streamlined, accessible powerhouse that drives your business forward.

This guide will walk you through the pitfalls of poor data management, show you best practices, and arm you with actionable strategies to unlock the full potential of your data.

The Pitfalls of Poor Data Management

Ignoring your data management can have far-reaching consequences. Here’s how it can cripple your business:

1. Inefficient Operations

When you can’t find the data you need, you waste hours chasing it down. And let’s not even talk about the errors that come with manual data processes. Seventy-three percent of workers spend 1-3 hours a day just looking for data. That’s time your team could spend driving results.

Continue reading

Holiday Hours and Reflections

merry-christmas

Wishing You a Joyful Season and a Bright New Year

As the holiday season approaches, we at Elevate Technology want to express our heartfelt gratitude for your trust and support throughout the year. Serving you has been our privilege, and we eagerly anticipate continuing our partnership in the coming year.

This year has been one of growth and collaboration, and we couldn’t have done it without you. Whether you’re gathering with loved ones, taking a well-deserved break, or planning for an exciting 2025, we hope this season brings you joy and inspiration.

Holiday Hours

  • Tuesday, December 24, 2024: Closed
  • Wednesday, December 25, 2024: Closed
  • Tuesday, December 31, 2024: Closing early
  • Wednesday, January 1, 2025: Closed

During these times, when our office is closed for the holidays, we are available for emergency services by phone, as stated in our agreement. If you have an emergency, please call us at 713-244-7744. For non-emergency matters, kindly email us at This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., and we will address your inquiry upon our return.

As we look ahead to 2025, we’re excited to continue building success together and exploring new opportunities. Thank you for being a valued part of our journey.

We wish you and your family a Merry Christmas and a bright and prosperous beginning to 2025.

Continue reading

Microsoft 365 Copilot: The AI Game-Changer Every Small Business Needs

copilot-pic

What’s the secret sauce for small business success? Efficiency, productivity, and innovation. If you’ve got those, you’re ahead of the game. But here’s the problem—keeping up with the competition takes tools that can actually deliver on those promises.

Enter Copilot for Microsoft 365. Once reserved for the big dogs in enterprise, this powerhouse AI tool is now available to businesses of all sizes. If you’re using Microsoft 365 Business Standard or Business Premium, it’s time to sit up and take notice.

Copilot isn’t just another app. It’s a full-on revolution in how SMBs work. It’s here to generate ideas, streamline workflows, and boost productivity like never before. Let’s dig into how Copilot can take your business to the next level.

How Copilot Streamlines Workflows

Copilot is powered by large language models (LLMs)—AI technology trained on massive datasets. What does that mean for you? It means Copilot understands natural language and can respond with smart, context-aware suggestions across your favorite Microsoft 365 apps.

Here’s how it delivers real-world results:

Continue reading

Why Skipping Vulnerability Assessments Could Cost Your Business Big

vulerability-assessments-why-skipping-is-bad

Cyber threats aren’t slowing down—they’re evolving. Hackers are constantly finding new ways to crack into systems, steal data, and wreak havoc. If you think your business is flying under their radar, think again.

Here’s the deal: Every IT system has weaknesses. It doesn’t matter if you’re running a small shop or a Fortune 500 company. A single vulnerability can invite disaster—data breaches, ransomware attacks, financial loss… you name it.

The solution? Regular vulnerability assessments. These proactive checkups uncover weaknesses in your infrastructure before the bad guys exploit them.

Not convinced? Let’s talk about why vulnerability assessments are critical, what happens if you skip them, and how they can save your business from a cybersecurity nightmare.

Why Vulnerability Assessments Matter

The internet is a minefield for businesses. Cybercriminals don’t rest—they’re always hunting for new vulnerabilities to exploit. Once they find a weak spot, they’re after one (or all) of these goals:

Continue reading

Deepfakes: How to Spot Them Before They Fool You

deepfakes-fool-you

Deepfakes are no longer the stuff of sci-fi—they’re here, and they’re dangerous. Bad actors are using them to spread misinformation, ruin reputations, and even manipulate financial markets. And yes, they’re a favorite tool in phishing attacks too.

The question is, can you spot one before it’s too late? Knowing the different types of deepfakes—and their telltale signs—can save you from falling victim to these digital deceptions.

What Are the Different Types of Deepfakes (And How Do You Spot Them)?

1. Face-Swapping Deepfakes

This is the most common type of deepfake. Imagine someone’s face seamlessly superimposed onto someone else’s body in a video. With today’s sophisticated AI tools, these can be scarily convincing—especially in high-quality footage.

Here’s how to spot them:

  • Look for inconsistencies: Check lighting, skin tones, and facial expressions. Do they look natural? Glitches like hair not moving realistically or slight misalignments around the face and neck are red flags.
  • Check the source: Did this video come from a reputable news site, or some random social media account? Always verify the source before believing what you see.
  • Listen closely: Does the voice match the person’s usual tone, pitch, or accent? Any incongruences could signal a fake.

2. Deepfake Audio

Deepfake audio is all about synthetic voice recordings that mimic someone’s speech patterns and intonations. Scammers use this to create fake audio messages or frame people for things they never said.

Continue reading

Email Authentication: Why It’s Now Critical for Your Business

email-authentication-critical

Phishing scams are everywhere. Your inbox? It’s a warzone. And if you think email security isn’t your problem, think again. Phishing remains the leading cause of data breaches and security incidents—and it’s been that way for years.

But the email landscape is changing. Big players like Google and Yahoo have raised the stakes with a new DMARC policy. Starting February 2024, email authentication is no longer optional—it’s essential. If your business sends emails through Gmail or Yahoo, you need to pay attention.

So, what’s DMARC, and why should you care? Let’s break it down. We’ll show you how email authentication works and why it’s the key to protecting your business from phishing attacks.

The Email Spoofing Problem

Picture this: You get an email that looks like it’s from your bank. It’s urgent—click the link, they say. Enter your details, they say. Next thing you know? You’ve been hacked.

This is email spoofing. Scammers disguise their email addresses to trick you into thinking they’re legit. They spoof a company’s domain to send fake emails to customers, vendors, and even employees.

Continue reading

Cloud Waste is Draining Your Budget: Here’s How to Stop It

cloud-waste-draining-your-budget

Cloud computing has changed the game. It’s scalable, flexible, and cost-efficient. But here’s the problem: it’s not free of pitfalls. One big, expensive pitfall? Cloud waste.

What’s cloud waste? It’s money leaking out of your business, paying for resources you’re not even using. A staggering 32% of cloud spending is wasted. Think about that—nearly a third of your budget going straight down the drain.

But here’s the good news: that 32% is an opportunity. Optimize your cloud usage, and you’re looking at serious savings. Want to know how? Read on for nine smart tactics to slash cloud waste and get your spending under control.

1. Conduct a Comprehensive Cloud Audit

You can’t fix what you can’t see. Start with a cloud audit. This is your chance to dig into your current usage and uncover hidden inefficiencies. Look for:

  • Underutilized resources
  • Overprovisioned instances
  • Unnecessary services

Use cloud management tools to generate detailed reports on usage patterns, costs, and performance metrics. This audit lays the groundwork for cutting waste and maximizing value.

Continue reading